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Fundamentals of Marxism
“Karl Marx:” A biography by Engels

“Karl Marx:” A biography by Engels

Karl Marx was born 205 years ago today, on May 05, 1818. Friedrich Engels published this biography of Marx in 1869, while Marx was still alive [1]. In 1868, Engels submitted an earlier version to Die Gartenlaube, a magazine focusing on teaching history in accessible...

What does it take to make a socialist revolution?

What does it take to make a socialist revolution?

Editor’s note: A Spanish translation of this article is available here. “The passing of state power from one class to another is the first, the principal, the basic sign of a revolution, both in the strictly scientific and in the practical political meaning of that...

The base-superstructure: A model for analysis and action

The base-superstructure: A model for analysis and action

Although Marx himself only mentioned the “base” and “superstructure” in (by my count) two of his works, the base-superstructure “problem” remains a source of serious contention for Marxists, our sympathizers, and our critics. Despite its outsized role in Marxist...

What is imperialism? An introduction

What is imperialism? An introduction

Editor's note: A Spanish translation of this article is available here. In the suffering of the Global South, the brutality of capitalism lies bare. In a footnote toward the end of Capital, Marx wrote that the colonized subject reveals “what the bourgeois makes of...

Relative surplus value: The class struggle intensifies

Relative surplus value: The class struggle intensifies

Introduction Toward the end of our earlier introduction to surplus value, the heart and motor of the class struggle, we wrote that: “The rate of surplus value for the capitalist is the rate of exploitation for the worker. By merely prolonging the working day, the...